where is the energy of the state adiabatically connected to the initial state and β is a coefficient. In particular, if κ A =κ B, that is, if we deal with a cyclic process, then .On general ...

supplemented by adiabatic equations of state for the gas temperature T g and pressure P g inside a uniformly compressed bubble: where γ is the ratio of heat capacities C P /C V; ...

Temporal change of particle position x. Red: x is positive. Blue: x is negative. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the April 19th, 2019, issue of Science Advances, published by AAAS.