Artificial atoms comprised of shells of electrons, without a nucleus present, have been used in silicon as the building blocks for quantum computers. UNSW use flat electron shells from artificial ...

So, we end up with an electron, traveling in a shell of sound waves, all of this behaving like a single entity that we call a polaron. That is a free polaron. But there are also trapped polarons.

Paralleling the idea of electron shells in atomic physics, in 1949 scientists proposed the nuclear shell model: protons and neutrons sit in distinct nuclear shells, and additional energy input can ...

Physicists have filled in some longtime blank spaces on the periodic table, calculating electron affinities of the lanthanides, a series of 15 elements known as rare earths.

The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom determines its reactivity. Noble gases have low reactivity because they have full electron shells.

They occupy the outer electron shells, far away from the atomic nucleus -- whereas in a normal atom, the electrons tend to occupy the innermost electron shells, where their energy is low. An atom ...

This type of radioactive decay occurs when an atom's nucleus absorbs two electrons from its outer electron shell simultaneously, thereby releasing a double dose of the ghostly particles called ...

Physicists have been trying for decades to escape clock-contaminating noise by zooming in even further, past an atom’s outer electron shells and into the far smaller, more tightly wound atomic ...