We selectively review several actor-critic models of the basal ganglia with an emphasis on two important aspects: the way in which models of the critic reproduce the temporal dynamics of dopamine ...

A) Outline of basal ganglia anatomy in a coronal human brain section. B) UMAP clustering of nuclei from 12 brains based on snRNA-seq data. C) Wiring diagram of basal ganglia circuitry. D ...

But when signaling in the basal ganglia is weakened or broken, debilitating movement and psychiatric disorders can emerge, including Parkinson's disease, Tourette's syndrome, attention deficit ...

The substantia nigra is a motor nucleus located in the basal ganglia of the midbrain. This brain structure contributes to the body's cognitive and motor functions by sending signals to initiate or ...

If we understand how the basal ganglia coordinate normal movement, we can develop more targeted treatments when this system goes out of balance." Professor Silvia Arber, lead researcher.