The completed shell beneath it, an evenly distributed swarm of electrons, masks the last proton's attraction. That twenty-ninth electron is, thus, loosely attached and easily dislodged.

It's the unpaired s electron that makes copper such an excellent conductor. This effect, known as electromagnetic induction, is central to how we generate electricity today.

Copper proteins are integral to a myriad of biological processes, serving predominantly as facilitators of electron transfer. Central to their function is the precise tuning of copper’s ...

Semiconductors are at the heart of most electronics, but have you ever wondered how one works? In this article, we explain what semiconductors are; how they work, with an eye to N-type vs. P-type ...

The copper target was operated at voltages of 11 kV, 12 kV, 13 kV, and 14 kV for the electron source, and a 50 kV configuration using a molybdenum target was used as a representative example for ...

Tiny diatoms in the ocean are masters at capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the environment. They fix up to 20% of the Earth's CO2. A research team at the University of Basel, Switzerland, has now ...

The first patient has been dosed in a Clarity Pharmaceuticals’ clinical trial using NorthStar’s electron accelerator-produced copper-67 (Cu-67).

Artificial atoms comprised of shells of electrons, without a nucleus present, have been used in silicon as the building blocks for quantum computers. Written by Chris Duckett, Contributor Feb. 11 ...

"We have observed strong lasing phenomena in inner-shell X-ray lasing and been able to simulate and calculate how it evolves," says Uwe Bergmann, physics professor at UW–Madison, and senior author on ...

Copper-containing proteins can be classified into types 1 and 2, depending on their functional or spectroscopic properties. Now, a protein that fits neither type has been built using a scaffold ...

To form cesium trifluoride (CsF 3), a cesium atom would share its single valence electron and two inner-shell electrons with three fluorine atoms. Four inner electrons would go into making cesium ...

Unlike gold or silver, copper contains a free electron in its outer orbital shell, which interacts with oxygen in the air — resulting in an energized form of oxygen, a molecular grenade of sorts ...