The climate system is powered by radiation from the sun, of which approximately 49% is absorbed by the Earth's surface, and 20% is absorbed by the atmosphere (Kiehl & Trenberth 1997).

Marine “snow”? Yes, marine “snow,” but not the kind of snow we get here in the North Country. According to NOAA — the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration: “As plants ...

Drawing on geochemical analyses of isotopes in sediments, ... Biogeographic climate sensitivity controls Earth system response to large igneous province carbon degassing, Science (2024).

The first climate models were being developed by scientists interested in applying relatively new computational capabilities to improve understanding of how the climate system works. These models were ...

Obliquity refers to Earth's tilt. Imagine drawing a straight line through Earth, along its rotational axis around which the planet spins every 24 hours.

Scientists assessed the risk of “tipping” in 16 different parts of the Earth system – ranging from the collapse of major ice sheets to the "dieback" of tropical coral reefs and vast forests.