Recent studies have uncovered two signaling pathways that activate the host ... Role of a transductional-transcriptional processor complex involving MyD88 and IRF-7 in Toll-like receptor signaling.

In fact, this spontaneous IFN-α/β signalling is crucial in enhancing its own pathway by inducing the expression of the transcription factor IRF-7, which activates the IFN-γ/β genes.

Most Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are believed to act as homodimers, although heterodimers do exist. The Toll interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain adaptors, MyD88, MAL/TIRAP, TRAM, and TRIF, also ...

Research has identified the first inter-species signaling pathway between an arthropod parasite and host, where molecules in the blood of a host animal triggers the immunity and development of a ...