Central to the operation of the renal system are the nephrons, of which there are approximately 1-1.3 million per adult kidney (Zambon et al, 2014). Approximately 80-85% of these are termed cortical ...

This fourth article in our series on the anatomy and physiology of ageing explains how age affects the organs of the renal system, leading to a reduction in renal function. Citation: Andrade M, Knight ...

Renal physiology involves the coordinated activity of specialised transporters and signalling molecules, which adjust the reabsorption and excretion of key ions such as sodium, potassium and chloride.