Water and water infiltration is the natural enemy of concrete causing below-grade reinforcement corrosion, surface scaling, aggregate expansion, mold, etc. Here are three methods you can use to ...

Scaling mechanisms in concrete. The American Concrete Institute (ACI) defines scaling as “local flaking or peeling away of the near-surface portion of hardened concrete or mortar." [1] ...

A. Thank you for the photos, but I wish you had also sent a photo an area not affected by the scaling, ... The old 1950s concrete may have been saturated and its weak surface is scaling off.

Concrete is the foundation of a huge part of the world’s infrastructure, and the most consumed manmade resource on the planet. ... Scaling up CCUS in the Building Industry.

Currently, the EU uses more than two tonnes of concrete per person per year – 325kg of that is cement.That’s equivalent to the amount of food the average European person eats in five months ...