But all can be contained within three main categories:terrestrial ecosystems on land ... balanced and interdependent communities. Some examples of producers are plants (vegetation), lichens ...

Therefore, CO 2 outgassing from inland waters is assigned to terrestrial ecosystem respiration, blending the carbon sink in inland waters with the terrestrial carbon sink. Scaling from the bottom ...

More information: Baba Imoro Musah et al, Drivers of toxic element accumulation in terrestrial ecosystems across elevational gradients, Ecological Indicators (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113446 ...