This suggests that the addition of a single valence proton to oxygen-24 has a profound effect on the doubly magic core. Indeed, Tang’s team concluded fluorine-25’s excited core is likely responsible ...

Covalent bonding: Atoms share pairs of valence electrons. For example, in a water molecule (H₂O), each hydrogen atom shares one electron with the oxygen atom, forming covalent bonds.

F. LONDON, in an interesting article (Zeit. f. Physik, 46, 455; 1928), attempts to account for the difference in valence behaviour between nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine on one hand, and ...

PROF. FRY bases his conception of valency on Sir J. J. Thomson's interpretation of the bond (without reference to the nature of chemical affinity or to the structure of the atom) as a unit Faraday ...