Though the M1-M2 classification system is used extensively, its appropriateness and in vivo applicability are debated, as there are macrophage subsets that express an intermediate phenotype and have ...

This is a useful study in the role of CHI3L1 in Kupffer cells, the macrophages of the liver, showing that CHI3L1 alters glucose regulation in obesity. Specifically, Chi3l1 protects glucose-dependent ...

Zhang and colleagues characterize a subset of nerve-associated CX3CR1 + liver portal area macrophages that maintain immune homeostasis and attenuate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a highly fatal malignancy, with inadequate therapeutic strategies and an adverse prognosis. Gene therapy raises a prospective option to overcome the ...