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Introduction Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterised by accumulation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) ...

ATP mix III contained 2.5 mM ATP, 1 mM NADH, 7.5 mM phosphoenolpyruvate, 0.05 mg ml −1 pyruvate kinase, 0.025 mg ml −1 lactate dehydrogenase. MuA–DNA complexes were assembled as described 10.