This work presents the first room temperature operation of GaAs based ridge waveguide semiconductor lasers containing lithographically defined InGaAs quantum dots as the active region. Semiconductor ...

Precisely measuring the exact time that an electron spends inside a quantum tunneling barrier during strong-field ionization has so far proved challenging. In recent years, physicists have ...

Normally, this "electron shower" is not relevant for the HiPIMS process. However, when the electrons arrive at the substrate, for a fraction of a second, they give it a negative charge—enough to ...