In a discovery that brings a legendary quantum theory to life, physicists at Princeton University have directly observed Hofstadter’s butterfly — a fractal pattern in electron energy levels ...

The photoelectric effect, first explained in 1905, transformed our understanding of how light interacts with matter. When ...

A new study published in Nature Physics introduces a theory of electron-phonon coupling that is affected by the quantum geometry of the electronic wavefunctions.

Enrique Rico Ortega and Sofia Vallecorsa explain how quantum computing will allow physicists to model complex dynamics, from ...

A quantum version of a fractal pattern, known as "Hofstadter's butterfly," has long been predicted, but the new study marks the first time it has been directly observed experimentally in a real ...

Quantum fractal patterns visualized. Princeton University. Journal Nature Funder DOE/US Department of Energy, U.S. National Science Foundation, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Office of the ...

Since it has 1 more electron than protons, chlorine has a charge of –1, making it a negative ion. When ions form, atoms gain or lose electrons until their outer energy level is full. For example, when ...

While the original electron microscope arrived in the early 1930’s (there’s still a controversy to this day over who invented the very first one), scientists have relied on what are known as ...