Have students look at their Periodic table of energy levels for elements 1–20 distributed in lesson 3. Explain that the two electrons in the hydrogen molecule (H 2) can be thought of as “belonging” to ...

Researchers at RMIT University and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Australia’s ...

The photoelectric effect, first explained in 1905, transformed our understanding of how light interacts with matter. When ...

Since it has 1 more proton than electrons, sodium has a charge of +1, making it a positive ion. Chlorine gains an electron, leaving it with 17 protons and 18 electrons. Since it has 1 more electron ...

An international research team led by Forschungszentrum Jülich has succeeded in visualizing magnetism inside solids with ...

The cool part is, because electrons at this energy lose energy quickly, the team believes they must be coming from relatively ...

Knowable Magazine reports on attosecond science, revealing how scientists study atomic interactions at unbelievable speeds to ...

FLASHDEEP Design concept of a FLASH-VHEE (very high-energy electrons) radiotherapy system; for illustration purposes only, system under development. ... beams using energy levels of 100–150 MeV (for ...

Theoretical calculation of the energy levels of electrons in twisted layers of graphene in a magnetic field, showing the fractal “butterfly” pattern predicted by Douglas Hofstadter ...

Atoms contain electrons in fixed energy levels. Shining light on them is therefore expected to give the electrons energy and enable them to escape from the atom, with brighter light liberating ...