Federated learning (FL) enables distributed model training by exchanging models rather than raw data, preserving privacy and reducing communication overhead. However, as the number of FL users grows, ...

In this paper, we consider the downlink transmission of a multi-antenna base station (BS) supported by an active simultaneously transmitting and reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) to serve ...

Smart devices make life more convenient, but many also make it easy to conserve energy and water use, too.