More information: Chuanyu Liu et al, Subsurface ocean turbulent mixing enhances central Pacific ENSO, Nature Communications (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-57058-4 Provided by Chinese Academy of ...

ENSO is an intrinsic property of the ocean-atmosphere system, a natural variation in which the normal flow is intermittently and temporarily disturbed and extreme conditions arise.

High-impact oceanic-atmospheric environmental events, such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), tropical cyclones (TCs) and Kuroshio large meander (KLM), often ...

El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) are ocean-atmosphere climate interactions that were found to be disrupted for almost a decade before returning to pre-eruption ...

THE likelihood of a 2015 El Niño has firmed with this week's Bureau of Meteorology El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) update. ENSO indicators in the tropical Pacific are approaching El Niño ...

The latest Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) index value is −0.69 °C for the week ending 10 November, ... (SSTs) in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean at ENSO-neutral levels, said BoM.

From pelagic to benthic ecology, shoreline to open ocean dynamics, data to information systems, the Integrative Oceanography Division's research encompasses field work, laboratory experimentation and ...

The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) index for the week ending November 24 was −0.54 °C, having been below the negative IOD threshold (–0.4 °C) since mid-October.