The left VA was hypoplastic in the intradural segment but definitely enhanced from the C3 to C1 level (Figure 1C, black arrows).

Introduction Vertebral artery (VA) dissection caused by swinging a golf club is extremely rare, and only a few cases of dissection have been reported. [1–3] Sudden head rotation in swinging a ...

The left vertebral artery and the LIMA originate from the left subclavian artery and the presence of the subclavian artery stenosis may cause insufficient, even retrograde blood flow in these vessels, ...

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a continuum which can affect all left sided cardiac structures, from the mitral valve to the aortic arch. Since Norwood’s first description of surgical ...