Induction of IRF-1 gene expression following stimulation by IFN-γ is dependent on the JAK/STAT signalling pathway and genes downstream of IRF-1 in this pathway include, IFN-β (Fujita et al ...

Most Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are believed to act as homodimers, although heterodimers do exist. The Toll interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain adaptors, MyD88, MAL/TIRAP, TRAM, and TRIF, also ...