Sacral Neuromodulation Promising in Neurogenic Lower Urinary Dysfunction ... had a neural stimulator implanted into the sacral foramina S3 or S4 for 2 months, reported Thomas M. Kessler, ...

Due to anatomic variability between patients, locating the appropriate sacral foramen ... anticipates,” “designs,” and similar words are intended to identify forward-looking ...

The use of the O-arm was fluent. This was possible with the automated positioning system which did not cover region of the surgical area. The sacrum and the foramina were clearly visualized. To ...

The conventional technique involves percutaneously placing a temporary lead, with a unipolar electrode, alongside a sacral nerve (usually S3) and taping it to the skin surface. A newer 2‑stage ...