Tissue homogenates were suspended in a buffer of 0.1 M phosphate and 1 mM EDTA at pH 6.9 with 10 mM dithiothreitol and 0.25 M sucrose for enzyme analysis or in Trizol reagent (Life Technologies ...

Total RNA was extracted from ∼30 adult flies using a commercial TRIZOL reagent (15596026, Invitrogen) and purified with DNA- free kit (AM1906, Ambion) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.