In this paper, a novel competitive swarm optimizer (CSO) for large scale optimization is proposed. The algorithm is fundamentally inspired by the particle swarm optimization but is conceptually very ...

Aquatic species are essential components of the world’s ecosystem, and the preservation of aquatic biodiversity is crucial for maintaining proper ecosystem functioning. Unfortunately, increasing ...

Affected bud scales have distorted cell arrangement and abnormal, swollen cells. Immature leaf cellular formation is significantly altered including enlarged cell size, augmented cell layers, and ...