They flourished into major urban centers due to their iron ore, animals and other precious resources, according to the study. Drone images of Tugunbulak taken in 2018 show mountainous wilderness. M.

Map of Eastern Turkey-in-Asia, Syria, and West Persia. Scale, 1/2,000,000, or 1 inch = 31.56 miles. (London: Royal Geographical Society, ... and the mountains of Asia Minor on the other.