Toothpaste production begins with carefully formulating the right mixture of ingredients, selected for their specific benefits. Mild abrasives like silica, baking soda, and calcium carbonate are used ...

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China Ismaila El Moctar and Qiao Ni are contributed equally to this work.

"It uses common materials like sodium hydroxide—a common compound used in making soap and found in many household cleaners—and water, and it operates at much lower temperatures than traditional ...

In conventional cement production processes, carbonate decomposition is the core reaction, accounting for 60% of carbon emissions in cement manufacturing. Despite two centuries of technological ...