The sternocleidomastoid muscle is mobilized and retracted posteriorly. The hypoglossal nerve is completely mobilized from the base of the skull to the anterior border of the hypoglossus muscle.

The accessory nerve provides motor function (movement) to two muscles essential to neck and shoulder movement, the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and the trapezius, as well as to the larynx (voice box) and ...

The small electrodes were applied to the spot of the lateral border of the lower 1/3 of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, where the phrenic nerve runs along the surface of anterior scalene muscle, while ...

Dystonia involves involuntary muscle contractions, but you're not out of options. Discover how botulinum toxin, DBS, and ...

Motor neurons are nerve cells that control our muscles by sending signals from the brain and spinal cord out to the body. In diseases such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), these cells are ...

A: Myasthenia gravis, despite its unfamiliar name, isn’t a rare condition. About six people in 100,000 have it. It’s the result of a breakdown in communication between nerves and muscles.

Muscle sympathetic nerve activity is a primary source of cardiovascular control in humans. Traditional analyses smooth away the fine temporal structure of the sympathetic recordings, limiting our ...

Musculoskeletal pain refers to pain that starts in your muscles, bones, joints, tendons, or ligaments. It's very common and can happen at any age. Almost everyone has it at some point in their ...

Calcium plays an essential role in the body. It helps build strong bones and teeth while also supporting the muscles, nerves, and heart. However, too much calcium can lead to problems.

Fibrosis (eg, collagen deposition) around the tendon, nerve and myofascial tissues influences dynamic biomechanical properties secondary to tissue adherence and can tether structures to each other or ...