Malignancy remains the most common cause of unilateral pleural effusion in the UK and USA, with an estimated 250 000 new cases of malignant pleural effusions per year. 2 5 Cytology-positive pleural ...

The appearance of tumor cell clusters in pleural effusion is usually a vital sign of cancer metastasis. Segmentation, as an indispensable basis, is of crucial importance for diagnosing, chemical ...