Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a vascular disorder caused by occlusive atherosclerosis, which commonly impairs blood flow to the lower extremities. The prevalence of PAD is increasing globally ...

Figure 4. Digital subtraction angiography with early and late phase demonstrating (A) left subclavian artery occlusion with (B) retrograde vertebral filling of proximal subclavian artery.

The combined anterior-posterior (A-P) approach for cervical hemivertebra is popular due to the vertebral artery running through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebra, and sometimes the ...