The pH scale is a measure of how acidic or alkaline something is, 1 being highly acidic, 14 being highly alkaline, and 7 being neutral. Hence Enceladus' ocean is quite alkaline. For comparison, ...

Some of the most encouraging results for reaction-enhancing catalysts come from one material in particular: tin (Sn). While ...

What can the pH level of the subsurface ocean on Enceladus tell us about finding life there? This is what a recent study ...

Scientists at USC and Caltech, in collaboration with startup company Calcarea, have developed a promising shipboard system ...

For the present illustration of the ESEM framework, we only used the Passion Scale; other scales may function differently depending on their various properties such as length, the number of items, the ...