and mostly deteriorated in the decade before the Arab Spring (see Chart 1). Combined with the factors mentioned above, the weak institutional framework opened the door for corruption and shaped an ...

Flashback: The Arab Spring began in Tunisia, and Tunisian President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali was the first to be toppled, in Jan. 2011. Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak fell the following month.

The Arab Spring was never about gender equality, but many women became alarmed when their uprisings went unrewarded and the men that were keen to have them crying for their freedom were not so ...