We selectively review several actor-critic models of the basal ganglia with an emphasis on two important aspects: the way in which models of the critic reproduce the temporal dynamics of dopamine ...

A) Outline of basal ganglia anatomy in a coronal human brain section. B) UMAP clustering of nuclei from 12 brains based on snRNA-seq data. C) Wiring diagram of basal ganglia circuitry. D ...

But when signaling in the basal ganglia is weakened or broken, debilitating movement and psychiatric disorders can emerge, including Parkinson's disease, Tourette's syndrome, attention deficit ...

We have demonstrated changes in basal ganglia blood flow as the cerebral circulation adapts to extrauterine ... The basal ganglia was identified and labeled using surrounding anatomical landmarks.

Neurons deep in the brain not only help to initiate movement—they also actively suppress it, and with astonishing precision.

The substantia nigra is a motor nucleus located in the basal ganglia of the midbrain. This brain structure contributes to the body's cognitive and motor functions by sending signals to initiate or ...