Researchers at Leipzig University's Carl Ludwig Institute have discovered that in the cerebral cortex, synaptic signal ...

This is a valuable and rigorous study that addresses the question of what determines the spatial organization of endocytic zones at synapses. The authors use compelling approaches, in both Drosophila ...

Ion channels are integral membrane protein assemblies that modulate the flow of ions into and out of a cell or organelle, leading to generation of electrical signals. Opening (gating) of ion ...

Synaptic vesicle endocytosis is the biological process by which the plasma membrane at the pre-synaptic axon terminal invaginates to create membrane-bound synaptic vesicles. This process enables ...

TTX blocks action potentials and the addition of 4AP blocks the rapid K+-dependent repolarization of the axon. This allows local opsin-driven depolarizations to reach threshold for calcium-dependent ...

Axon terminals of GABAergic and glutamatergic projection neurons associate with resident cells of the MPTA. (A–D) Single-plane confocal images of MPTA effector-neurons, visualized by mCherry ...

The plasma membrane calmodulin-dependent calcium ATPase (PMCA) is a ubiquitous calcium transporting enzyme that plays a dominant role in nonexcitable cell types. 67 So far, 4 different isoforms have ...

Our results show that NanoMIs primarily enhance axon elongation by modulating the PFN1-actin-cytoskeleton pathway. These findings suggest that NanoMIs offer a promising approach for exploring the role ...

The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) are neurotransmitter-activated cation channels ubiquitously expressed in vertebrate brains. The regulation of calcium flux ...

In this paper, we present a new, physically based 3-terminal model for diffused and ion-implanted resistors. The model accounts for the effects of geometry, temperature, and bias, and includes ...