Objectives: To determine the independent associations of labour force status and socioeconomic position with death by suicide. Design: Cohort study assembled by anonymous and probabilistic record ...

The soil system is complex and dynamic, making it difficult to understand using traditional statistical approaches. In this paper, we analyze the causal relationship of soil temperature and moisture ...

In this paper, we design two laboratory experiments to analyze the causal effects of competition on step-by-step innovation. Innovations result from costly R&D investments and move technology up one ...

Qiao, N. and Ye, S. (2025) Research on the Path of Digital Hoarding Behavior among Digital Natives Based on the I-PACE Model in China. Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 15, 1793-1816. doi: ...

As the Internet of medical Things emerge in the field of medicine, the volume of medical data is expanding rapidly and along with its variety. As such, clustering is an important procedure to mine the ...

We are now ready to provide a formal definition of causal effect for each person: exposure has a causal effect if Ya = 0 ≠ Ya = 1. Table 2 is all we need to decide that the exposure has an effect on ...

The causal capabilities of large language models (LLMs) is a matter of significant debate, with critical implications for the use of LLMs in societally impactful domains such as medicine, science, law ...