The completed shell beneath it, an evenly distributed swarm of electrons, masks the last proton's attraction. That twenty-ninth electron is, thus, loosely attached and easily dislodged.

It's the unpaired s electron that makes copper such an excellent conductor. This effect, known as electromagnetic induction, is central to how we generate electricity today.

Some elements in the periodic table, such as carbon, silicon, and germanium, are intrinsic semiconductors due to the number of electrons in their outermost electron shells.

For the electron excitation experiments, copper and tungsten targets were employed as X-ray sources, as they emit distinctive X-ray spectra upon electron-beam bombardment.

Tiny diatoms in the ocean are masters at capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the environment. They fix up to 20% of the Earth's CO2. A research team at the University of Basel, Switzerland, has now ...

The first patient has been dosed in a Clarity Pharmaceuticals’ clinical trial using NorthStar’s electron accelerator-produced copper-67 (Cu-67).

Artificial atoms comprised of shells of electrons, without a nucleus present, have been used in silicon as the building blocks for quantum computers.

"We have observed strong lasing phenomena in inner-shell X-ray lasing and been able to simulate and calculate how it evolves," says Uwe Bergmann, physics professor at UW–Madison, and senior author on ...

Many of us learned in high school chemistry that the electrons around an atomic nucleus occupy different energy levels. The low-energy levels are known as the inner electron shells, and the ...