Infection is a challenging and dreaded complication of any surgical procedure, particularly so in orthopedic surgery. Infection may be caused by a variety of organisms, and convention dictates ...

Figure 1: The type III secretion system of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens injects virulence factors into host cells. The second class of TTSS-associated chaperones, which are the subject of ...

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Various microbes harness the actin polymerization machinery through their surface proteins to allow intracellular motility within host cells, but other virulence factors regulate dissemination.