E376,Causal Agent Beech leaf disease (BLD) is caused by an invasive nematode Litylenchus crenatae subsp. mccannii (Lcm; Figure 1). Nematodes are microscopic roundworms. Most nematodes are free-living, ...

Treehugger / Hilary Allison Studying leaf shape and the arrangement of leaves on a stem is the most common way of identifying a tree in the field during the growing season. The novice taxonomist ...