After months of teasing, a La Niña winter has finally started – but we don't blame you if you haven't noticed.

A 30-year period is used as it acts to largely smooth out the year-to-year variations of climate. The average sea surface temperature maps can be used in conjunction with the trend maps to provide an ...

In terms of climate change monitoring, long-term changes in the nature ... for a given region over a given season. Trend maps of cyclone density and cyclone central intensity are available from 1950 ...