Wearable vibrotactile actuators are non-intrusive and inexpensive means to provide haptic feedback directly to the user's skin. Complex spatiotemporal stimuli can be achieved by combining multiple of ...

This work demonstrates the first sputtered thin-film nickel-titanium (NiTi) shape-memory alloy (SMA) actuators combined with direct 3D printing of polymeric structures. Resulting actuators are fast to ...