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Scientists call this photorespiration. It happens when an enzyme crucial to the photosynthesis process, rubisco, mistakenly latches on to an oxygen molecule instead of carbon dioxide.

According to the hypothesis, the plants with limited photorespiration should grow less well under sharply fluctuating light conditions as photorespiration cannot take on a protective function here.

Those mistakes result in a compound that actually inhibits photosynthesis. Photorespiration, a kind of recycling process, gets rid of that compound — but photorespiration requires a lot of energy.