As of 2016, 2.6 percent of Black K-8 students were retained, ... One of the most-cited research papers on grade retention is a 2001 meta-analysis from Shane Jimerson, ...

The research on longer-term effects of holding 3rd graders back, such as high school and post-secondary outcomes, is scant, Özek added. Retention policies can also have negative effects ...

Mark Trifilio, principal of the public pre-K-5th grade Orchard School in Vermont, sat down with the school’s 40 educators last summer to discuss the soon-to-start new school year and homework ...

If kindergarten is not the new first grade, then parents may not delay children’s entries as much.” [ Requiring kindergartners to read — as Common Core does — may harm some, study finds ] ...