Calcium signaling plays a fundamental role in cardiac development and function, orchestrating a wide array of cellular processes that are essential for ...

Brain researchers have identified a bridge between the thalamus and the cortex as the key area that is modified during motor learning functions. They found that such learning does much more than ...

Every cell in our body has a sex. But most research so far has focused on our gonads—ovaries or testes—and not on the early ...

New research reveals that psychedelics like psilocybin do more than alter brain activity — they reshape how the brain and immune system communicate.

Altered dopamine signaling pathways are implicated in epileptic seizures associated with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type 2. This condition features atypical neuronal arrangements, complicating ...

Figure 1. TGF-β classical signaling pathway. Activated TGF-β1 combines with TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 to form a complex. TGFBR2 phosphorylates and activates TGFBR1. The activated TGFBR1 binds to SMAD2 and ...