BMW Motorrad’s futuristic electric scooter just got its first real refresh since beginning production in 2021. The BMW CE ...

This paper deals with the linearization of a nonlinear model of permanent magnet stepper motors. The linearization method is based on an optimization technique when considering the asymptotic behavior ...

Microstepping drive for a stepper motor is a well-known technique to improve the stepper motor performance. Normally, microstepping is carried at fixed pulse width planned. However, this method is ...