Teaching the VSEPR (valence shell electron-pair repulsion) model can be a tedious process. Traditionally, Lewis structures are drawn and the number of “electron clouds” (groups) around the central ...

The hole current due to recombination in the N epitaxial layer is calculated and compared to the electron current injected into the diffused P region. A formula is given and results are compared with ...

Results of numerical simulation of a miniaturized sub-THz traveling-wave tube amplifier with sheet electron beam and planar grating slow wave structure (SWS) are presented. Cold characteristics of the ...

The Hammett substituent parameter (σp) is fundamental to physical organic chemistry but often suffers from inconsistencies in experimental determination across diverse substituents. This study ...