This article proposes a microstrip-to-microstrip (MS-to-MS) vertical transition with pixel structures and then proposes a knowledge-assisted proximal policy optimization (PPO), which is a ...

In this paper, we attempt to design, simulate and characterize an InGaAs-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) employing InGaAsP multi-quantum wells sandwiched between GaAs/AlGaAs and ...